AI Governance Engineer
GitHub

GDPR Art. 9: special categories, incl. inferred sensitive data

Processing special-category data, incl. biometric data for unique identification, is prohibited unless an Art. 9(2) condition applies, which reaches sensitive data a model infers

By Reviewed

From clause to evidenceThe chain from GDPR Art. 9 to its evidence record, in 6 steps; the text alternative lists them and the facts under the figure state each in full.Clause: General Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016/679, Art. 9ClauseGDPRArt. 9Duty holder: ControllerDuty holderControllerApplies from: 2018-05-25 (In force)Applies from2018-05-25In forceArtefact: Proxy test in CI; inference policy with a runtime output classifier; Art. 9(2) condition recordArtefactProxy test inCILayers: Layer 01 Govern-as-Code and Layer 03 Evals & Red Teaming as Evidence and Layer 04 Runtime Controls & ObservabilityLayersLayer 01Layer 03Layer 04Evidence record: the common evidence record (Evidence record v1)Evidence recordEvidence recordv1Same topic in 18 frameworks (47 clauses): EU AI Act, ISO 42001, TC260 Framework 3.0, China GenAI Measures, China DeepSynthesis, GB/T 45654, GDPR and 11 moreAs of 2026-09-24 · illustrative, not a claim of conformity From clause to evidenceThe chain from GDPR Art. 9 to its evidence record, in 6 steps; the text alternative lists them and the facts under the figure state each in full.Clause: General Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016/679, Art. 9ClauseGDPR · Art. 9Duty holder: ControllerDuty holderControllerApplies from: 2018-05-25 (In force)Applies from2018-05-25 · In forceArtefact: Proxy test in CI; inference policy with a runtime output classifier; Art. 9(2) condition recordArtefactProxy test in CILayers: Layer 01 Govern-as-Code and Layer 03 Evals & Red Teaming as Evidence and Layer 04 Runtime Controls & ObservabilityLayersLayer 01Layer 03Layer 04Evidence record: the common evidence record (Evidence record v1)Evidence recordEvidence record v1Same topic in 18 frameworks (47 clauses): EUAI Act, ISO 42001, TC260 Framework 3.0,China GenAI Measures, China Deep Synthesis…As of 2026-09-24illustrative, not a claim of conformity
From clause to evidence Build the artefact, then file every output it produces as a record that names AIGE-OBL-GDPR-ART9. Drawn from chapter 08.
Text alternative
  • Clause: GDPR, Art. 9.
  • Duty holder: Controller.
  • Applies from: 2018-05-25, In force.
  • Artefact: Proxy test in CI.
  • Layers: Layer 01, Layer 03, Layer 04.
  • Evidence record: Evidence record v1.
  • Record schema: Evidence record.
  • The same topic in 18 other frameworks; the crosswalk section below links each clause.
When this obligation appliesThe date of AIGE-OBL-GDPR-ART9 on a time axis, against its review date 2026-09-24.Earlier2024202620282030As of 2026-09-242018-05-25 · In force2018-05-25 · In forceSource: Obligation register(chapter 08)
When this obligation appliesThe date of AIGE-OBL-GDPR-ART9 on a time axis, against its review date 2026-09-24.2018-05-25 · In force2024202620282030EarlierAs of 2026-09-242018-05-25 · In forceSource: Obligation register (chapter 08)
When this obligation applies The first date in the row's status, then each later step: filled once its date has passed, outlined while it is still ahead of the review date.
Data table: the dates
Dates of AIGE-OBL-GDPR-ART9
DateStepDetail
2018-05-25In force
Id
AIGE-OBL-GDPR-ART9
Instrument
General Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016/679 law
Clause
Art. 9
In scope
Controller
Authority
National data protection authority
Applies from
In force

The artefact that evidences it

Proxy test in CI; inference policy with a runtime output classifier; Art. 9(2) condition record.

What this obligation connects toGDPR Art. 9 and its 19 relations: 1 open controls, 18 same crosswalk topic.DirectColour: stack layer of the pattern or control01 Govern-as-CodeGDPR Art. 9Open controls (1)AIGE-CTL-DATA-007 Special-Category Data Conditions · DirectSpecial-Category Data…Same crosswalk topic (18)AI Verify 8.1.1, 8.2.1, 7.1.1, 7.2.1, 7.8.1 · Core clauseAI VerifyCSA AICM DSP-20, DSP-21, GRC-11 · Core clauseCSA AICMChina Deep Synthesis DeepSyn Art. 14 · Core clauseChina Deep SynthesisChina GenAI Measures GenAI Art. 7, GenAI Art. 8, GenAI Art. 11, GenAI Art. 4(2) · Core clauseChina GenAI MeasuresCoE Convention CoE Art. 10 · Core clauseCoE ConventionEU AI Act Art. 10, Art. 10(2)(f)–(g), Art. 4a, Art. 53, Art. 53(1)(c), Art. 5(1)(e) · Core clauseEU AI Act+12 more+12 more: GAO AI Accountability 2.1, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5, 2.7, 3.8, GB/T 45654 GB/T 45654 Corpus security, GDPR Art. 5(1)(c), Art. 25, Art. 5(1)(a), ISO 42001 A.7, A.7.3, A.4, A.5.4, NIST AI RMF MAP 2, MEASURE 2.10, MEASURE 2.11, GOVERN 3.1, Singapore GenAI GenAI 2, TC260 Framework 3.0 TC260 2.1.3, TC260 5.1, UK ATRS ATRS 2.4.3, ATRS 2.4.2, China Algo. Rec. AlgoRec Art. 21, GPAI Code Copyright 1.1–1.5, OECD AI Principles OECD 1.2, OWASP LLM LLM05:2026
What this obligation connects toGDPR Art. 9 and its 19 relations: 1 open controls, 18 same crosswalk topic.DirectColour: stack layer of the pattern or control01 Govern-as-CodeOpen controls (1)AIGE-CTL-DATA-007 Special-Category Data Conditions · DirectSpecial-Category Data…Same crosswalk topic (18)AI Verify 8.1.1, 8.2.1, 7.1.1, 7.2.1, 7.8.1 · Core clauseAI VerifyCSA AICM DSP-20, DSP-21, GRC-11 · Core clauseCSA AICMChina Deep Synthesis DeepSyn Art. 14 · Core clauseChina Deep SynthesisChina GenAI Measures GenAI Art. 7, GenAI Art. 8, GenAI Art. 11, GenAI Art. 4(2) · Core clauseChina GenAI MeasuresCoE Convention CoE Art. 10 · Core clauseCoE ConventionEU AI Act Art. 10, Art. 10(2)(f)–(g), Art. 4a, Art. 53, Art. 53(1)(c), Art. 5(1)(e) · Core clauseEU AI Act+12 more+12 more: GAO AI Accountability 2.1, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5, 2.7, 3.8, GB/T 45654 GB/T 45654 Corpus security, GDPR Art. 5(1)(c), Art. 25, Art. 5(1)(a), ISO 42001 A.7, A.7.3, A.4, A.5.4, NIST AI RMF MAP 2, MEASURE 2.10, MEASURE 2.11, GOVERN 3.1, Singapore GenAI GenAI 2, TC260 Framework 3.0 TC260 2.1.3, TC260 5.1, UK ATRS ATRS 2.4.3, ATRS 2.4.2, China Algo. Rec. AlgoRec Art. 21, GPAI Code Copyright 1.1–1.5, OECD AI Principles OECD 1.2, OWASP LLM LLM05:2026GDPR Art. 9
What this obligation connects to Solid edges are direct relations, dashed ones looser (a case that cites the same article, a framework whose clauses only touch the topic); patterns and controls take the colour of their stack layer. Select a node to open it; the lists below give every relation in full.
Data table: every relation
Relations of AIGE-OBL-GDPR-ART9
FamilyItemRelation
Open controlsAIGE-CTL-DATA-007 Special-Category Data ConditionsDirect
Same crosswalk topicAI Verify 8.1.1, 8.2.1, 7.1.1, 7.2.1, 7.8.1Core clause
Same crosswalk topicCSA AICM DSP-20, DSP-21, GRC-11Core clause
Same crosswalk topicChina Deep Synthesis DeepSyn Art. 14Core clause
Same crosswalk topicChina GenAI Measures GenAI Art. 7, GenAI Art. 8, GenAI Art. 11, GenAI Art. 4(2)Core clause
Same crosswalk topicCoE Convention CoE Art. 10Core clause
Same crosswalk topicEU AI Act Art. 10, Art. 10(2)(f)–(g), Art. 4a, Art. 53, Art. 53(1)(c), Art. 5(1)(e)Core clause
Same crosswalk topicGAO AI Accountability 2.1, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5, 2.7, 3.8Core clause
Same crosswalk topicGB/T 45654 GB/T 45654 Corpus securityCore clause
Same crosswalk topicGDPR Art. 5(1)(c), Art. 25, Art. 5(1)(a)Core clause
Same crosswalk topicISO 42001 A.7, A.7.3, A.4, A.5.4Core clause
Same crosswalk topicNIST AI RMF MAP 2, MEASURE 2.10, MEASURE 2.11, GOVERN 3.1Core clause
Same crosswalk topicSingapore GenAI GenAI 2Core clause
Same crosswalk topicTC260 Framework 3.0 TC260 2.1.3, TC260 5.1Core clause
Same crosswalk topicUK ATRS ATRS 2.4.3, ATRS 2.4.2Core clause
Same crosswalk topicChina Algo. Rec. AlgoRec Art. 21Related clause
Same crosswalk topicGPAI Code Copyright 1.1–1.5Related clause
Same crosswalk topicOECD AI Principles OECD 1.2Related clause
Same crosswalk topicOWASP LLM LLM05:2026Related clause

Patterns that build it

No pattern in the catalogue names this clause on its "Maps to" line yet; the artefact above is the engineering answer.

The same topic in other frameworks

From the topic crosswalk: the clauses filed under the same topics as this one. Mappings are illustrative, not a claim of conformity.

Data governance

Fairness and non-discrimination

Open controls that evidence it

Draft controls in the open control profiles that map to this row: each states a requirement and the evidence it must leave behind.

Source

Chapter 08, section The GDPR, checked against its sources on the review date above.

Machine-readable

Cite this obligation

García Aibar, J. (2026). GDPR Art. 9: special categories, incl. inferred sensitive data (AIGE-OBL-GDPR-ART9). In AI Governance Engineering: The Thesis & Body of Knowledge (v0.5.0). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22956197. https://aigovernanceengineer.com/obligations/aige-obl-gdpr-art9. CC BY 4.0

BibTeX

@misc{aige2026obligation,
  author       = {Jorge García Aibar},
  title        = {{GDPR Art. 9: special categories, incl. inferred sensitive data (AIGE-OBL-GDPR-ART9)}},
  howpublished = {In AI Governance Engineering: The Thesis \& Body of Knowledge},
  year         = {2026},
  version      = {0.5.0},
  doi          = {10.5281/zenodo.22956197},
  url          = {https://aigovernanceengineer.com/obligations/aige-obl-gdpr-art9},
  note         = {Version 0.5.0}
}